The Illustration Archive: Engravings, Woodcuts, and Botanical Plates | The Thinking Press

Albrecht Dürer, Knight, Death and the Devil, engraving, 1513. — Albrecht Dürer, Knight, Death and the Devil, engraving, 1513.

Albrecht Dürer, Saint Jerome in His Study, engraving, 1514. — Albrecht Dürer, Saint Jerome in His Study, engraving, 1514.

Francisco Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, etching. — Francisco Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, etching.

The Alchymist, mezzotint after David Teniers the Younger. — The Alchymist, mezzotint after David Teniers the Younger.

An alchemical laboratory: furnaces, alembics, and bellows at work, early modern woodcut.

An alchemist at his furnace, engraving.

Aconite — AconiteAconitum napellus (monkshood / wolfsbane). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Aflatoxin mould — Aflatoxin mouldAspergillus flavus (aflatoxin mould), a stained hypha under the microscope. U.S. government work. Source.

Agarwood — AgarwoodAgarwood tree. J. F. Royle, Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalayan Mountains (1839).

Agnus Dei — Agnus DeiWax Agnus Dei of Pius IX, 1858. Photo Emartin. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Aloe — AloeAlbrecht Dürer, The Entombment (1512). National Gallery of Art, Washington.

Ambergris — AmbergrisAmbergris. Photo Peter Kaminski. CC BY 2.0.

Angel’s wings — Angel’s wingsAgaricus (Pleurotus) porrigens (Angel's wings, Pleurocybella porrigens). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes) (1881-1891), Pl. 259. CC BY 2.0, Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden. Cropped to the species. Source.

Aniseed — AniseedAnise. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Antimony — AntimonyStibnite. Photo Bob J. Galindo. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Apples, syrup of — Apples, syrup ofApple. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Armenian stone, pills of — Armenian stone, pills ofAzurite, Burra Mine, South Australia. Photo J. J. Harrison. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Arthritica — ArthriticaIva. O. Penzig, Flore coloriée de poche du littoral méditerranéen (1902).

Asafoetida — AsafoetidaAsafoetida. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Asarabacca — AsarabaccaAsarabacca. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Aster — AsterItalian starwort. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Balm — BalmLemon balm. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Barley water — Barley waterBarley. Amédée Masclef, Atlas des plantes de France (1891).

Basil — BasilBasil. F. M. Blanco, Flora de Filipinas (1880–83).

Bells — BellsThe bell-founder. Ständebuch (1641 ed.), woodcut. Deutsche Fotothek.

Ben-nut — Ben-nutBen-nut tree. M. E. Descourtilz, Flore pittoresque et médicale des Antilles (1821).

Benzoin — BenzoinBenzoin tree. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Betony — BetonyBetony. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Birch polypore — Birch polyporePolypore du bouleau, Polyporus betulinus, “on birches, all year”: plate 45 of a French illustrated guide to mushrooms.

Bistort — BistortBistort. O. W. Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, vol. 2 (1904), plate 195.

Black hellebore — Black helleboreBlack hellebore. Amédée Masclef, Atlas des plantes de France (1891).

Black walnut — Black walnutJuglans nigra (black walnut), drawn by Charles Edward Faxon. Plate CCCXXXIV of Charles Sprague Sargent, The Silva of North America, vol. 7 (1895), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Blessed ashes — Blessed ashesAshes of Ash Wednesday. Photo Oxh973.

Blessed bread — Blessed breadPascal Dagnan-Bouveret, Le Pain bénit (1885).

Blessed candles — Blessed candlesThe Purification (Candlemas). Masters of the Dark Eyes, Missal, c. 1500. Walters Art Museum, Ms. W.175.

Blessed herbs — Blessed herbsHerb bundle for the Feast of the Assumption. Photo Sol Octobris. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Blessed oil — Blessed oilChrismatory, France, c. 1200, champlevé enamel. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Blessed paper — Blessed paperSheet of swallowing pictures (Schluckbildchen), Mariazell, 18th century, engraving.

Bloodroot — BloodrootSanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 22 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Borage — BorageBorage. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Breve — BreveBreverl, folded amulet with IHS. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Brewer’s yeast — Brewer’s yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast). Illustration, Otto's Encyclopedia. Source.

Broom — BroomSpanish broom. Paul Taubert, in Engler and Prantl, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1891).

Brown roll-rim — Brown roll-rimPaxille enroulé (Paxillus involutus). Paul Dumée, Nouvel atlas de poche des champignons comestibles et vénéneux (1912). CC BY 2.0, Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden. Source.

Bryony — BryonyWhite bryony. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Burdock — BurdockLappa officinalis var. major (burdock), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 92 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Caper spurge — Caper spurgeCaper spurge. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Caraway broth — Caraway brothCaraway. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Cassia wood — Cassia woodCassia. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887). CC BY 2.5.

Cassia, flower of — Cassia, flower ofIndian laburnum. F. M. Blanco, Flora de Filipinas (1880–83).

Castor-oil plant, seeds of — Castor-oil plant, seeds ofCastor-oil plant. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Caterpillar fungus — Caterpillar fungusOphiocordyceps sinensis, as Sphaeria sinensis (caterpillar fungus). Miles Joseph Berkeley, original illustration, 19th century. Source.

Catmint — CatmintCatmint. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Cattail — CattailTypha latifolia and Typha angustifolia (Rohrkolben). Tafel 44 of Otto Wilhelm Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Bd. 1 (1886), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Centaury — CentauryCentaury. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Chaga — ChagaInonotus obliquus (chaga), sterile conk on birch. Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

Chamomile — ChamomileChamomile. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Chanterelle — ChanterelleCantharellus cibarius (chanterelle). George Chernilevsky, photograph. Source.

Chicory — ChicoryChicory. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Chokecherry — ChokecherryPrunus virginiana (choke cherry), drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. Plate CLVIII of Charles Sprague Sargent, The Silva of North America, vol. 4 (1892), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Cinnamon — CinnamonCinnamon. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Cinquefoil — CinquefoilCinquefoil. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Citron — CitronCitron. Coloured etching by J. Pass, c. 1800. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Civet — CivetCivet. Alfred Brehm, Het leven der dieren (1927).

Clary, garden — Clary, gardenClary sage. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Clove — CloveCaryophyllus aromaticus (clove). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Bd. 2 (1887–98), Tafel 125, from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Cochia pills — Cochia pillsScammony. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Coltsfoot — ColtsfootColtsfoot. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Common earthball — Common earthballKartoffel-Bovist (Scleroderma citrinum, labeled S. vulgare). Edmund Michael, Führer für Pilzfreunde (1896). CC BY 2.0, Biodiversity Heritage Library / MBLWHOI Library. Cropped to the species. Source.

Common ink cap — Common ink capCoprin noir d'encre (Coprinopsis atramentaria). L. Dufour, Atlas des champignons comestibles et vénéneux (1891). CC BY 2.0, Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden. Cropped to the species. Source.

Compound fumitory — Compound fumitoryFumitory. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Coral, red — Coral, redRed coral (fig. 2). Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle (1841–49). CC BY 2.0 (rawpixel).

Cordial flowers and fruits — Cordial flowers and fruitsBugloss. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Corn smut — Corn smutUstilago maydis (corn smut) on maize. Holger Krisp, photograph. Licence: CC BY 3.0. Source.

Crow’s gall — Crow’s gallRaven. John Gould, The Birds of Great Britain (1862–73), lithograph.

Crucifix — CrucifixCrucifix, Spain (?), 16th century. Cleveland Museum of Art.

Cyclamen, greater — Cyclamen, greaterSowbread. Leonhart Fuchs, New Kreüterbuch (Basel, 1543), woodcut.

Cyprus powder — Cyprus powderOak moss (fig. 1). Flora Danica (1840).

Damascus prunes — Damascus prunesPlum. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Dandelion — DandelionTaraxacum dens-leonis (dandelion), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 95 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Deadly fibrecap — Deadly fibrecapInocybe erubescens, as I. Patouillardi (deadly fibrecap). Giacomo Bresadola, Iconographia Mycologica. Source.

Deadly nightshade — Deadly nightshadeAtropa belladonna (deadly nightshade). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Deadly webcap — Deadly webcapDeadly webcap (Cortinarius rubellus, as C. brunneo-fulvus). Giacomo Bresadola, Iconographia Mycologica, vol. XIV, tab. 654 (1930). Public domain. Source.

Death cap — Death capDeath cap (Agaricus phalloides). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), Pl. 2 (1881-1891). Public domain. Source.

Destroying angel — Destroying angelDestroying angel (Amanita virosa). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), Pl. 1 (1881-1891). Public domain. Source.

Diacatholicon — DiacatholiconAlbarello for diacatholicon, Italy, 17th century. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Diamoschu, sweet — Diamoschu, sweetMusk deer. The Grete Herball (London, 1526), woodcut.

Diaphenicon — DiapheniconDate palm. Traité des arbres et arbustes (Paris, 1801 onward), New York Public Library.

Diatrion piperion — Diatrion piperionBlack pepper. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Dill — DillDill. John Gerard, The Herball (1633 ed.), woodcut. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Dittany — DittanyDittany of Crete. François Rozier, Cours complet d’agriculture, vol. 3 (1781), plate 19.

Dragon’s blood — Dragon’s bloodDragon tree of Orotava before 1819. Charles Lemaire.

Endive — EndiveEndive. Vilmorin-Andrieux, Les plantes potagères (1883).

Epithymum — EpithymumDodder. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Ergot — ErgotClaviceps purpurea (ergot), labeled Secale cornutum. Jan Kops, Flora Batava, vol. 12. Source.

Fairy ring champignon — Fairy ring champignonMarasmius oreades (fairy ring champignon) in a fairy ring. Agnes Monkelbaan, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

False morel — False morelGyromitra esculenta (false morel). Burt & Farlow, Icones Farlowianae, Plate 102 (Harvard). Licence: CC BY 2.0. Source.

Fennel — FennelFennel. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Fly agaric — Fly agaricAmanita muscaria (fly agaric). Emil Doerstling, in Eugen Gramberg, Pilze der Heimat, Plate 64 (1913). Source.

Foetid pills — Foetid pillsSagapenum resin. Photo Jacopo188. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Fool’s webcap — Fool’s webcapCortinarius anthracinus (above) and C. orellanus (below), “in woods, Coed Coch”: plate 787 of an atlas of British fungi.

Fox’s heart — Fox’s heartFox. Conrad Gessner, Historia animalium (1551), woodcut.

Frankincense — FrankincenseFrankincense tree. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Fu ling — Fu lingWolfiporia extensa, dried sclerotium slices (fu ling / tuckahoe), as sold medicinally. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

Funeral bell — Funeral bellFuneral bell (Galerina marginata, as Agaricus/Pholiota marginatus). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), Pl. 372 (1881-1891). Public domain. Source.

Galbanum — GalbanumGalbanum. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Gallia moschata — Gallia moschataPomander, Germany, 16th century. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.

Garlic — GarlicAllium sativum (garlic). William Woodville, Medical Botany, hand-coloured engraving (London, 1793). Source.

Ghost pipe — Ghost pipeMonotropa uniflora (Indian pipe), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 105 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Ginseng — GinsengPanax quinquefolium (ginseng). Plate XXIX of Jacob Bigelow, American Medical Botany, vol. 2 (1818), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Glass powder — Glass powderVenetian cristallo glass, 16th–17th century. Corning Museum of Glass; photo Andre Carrotflower. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Goat’s rue — Goat’s rueGoat’s rue. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Goji berry — Goji berryLycium barbarum (Gemeiner Teufelszwirn). Tafel 490 of Otto Wilhelm Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Bd. 4 (1889), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Gold leaf — Gold leafThe goldbeater. Jost Amman, Ständebuch (Frankfurt, 1568), woodcut.

Gold, frankincense, and myrrh — Gold, frankincense, and myrrhGeoffroy Tory, The Adoration of the Magi (1525), woodcut.

Golden pills — Golden pillsDrug jar and pill tile, Lambeth delftware. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Greater celandine — Greater celandineGreater celandine. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Ground cherry — Ground cherryPhysalis Alkekengi (Gemeine Judenkirsche). Tafel 489 of Otto Wilhelm Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Bd. 4 (1889), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Ground pine — Ground pineGround pine. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Hamech, confection of — Hamech, confection ofMyrobalan. Storia delle piante forastiere (Milan, 1793). Biblioteca Europea di Informazione e Cultura.

Hawthorn — HawthornCrataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn). Tafel 345 of Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Bd. 3 (1903 edition), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Hemlock — HemlockConium maculatum (hemlock). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Henbane — HenbaneHyoscyamus niger (henbane). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Herb Paris — Herb ParisHerb Paris. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Hiera of Pacchius — Hiera of PacchiusColocynth. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Hiera with agaric — Hiera with agaricPharmacy jar for hiera picra. Musée des Hospices Civils de Lyon; photo A. Troccon and M. Mauquin. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Holy water — Holy waterHoly water stoup, Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice. Photo Didier Descouens. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Honey fungus — Honey fungusArmillaria mellea (honey fungus). George Chernilevsky, photograph. Source.

Honeyed wine and honeyed water — Honeyed wine and honeyed waterAlbarello for honey of roses, Italy, 17th century. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Hop — HopHop. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Horehound — HorehoundWhite horehound. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Hyssop — HyssopHyssopus officinalis (hyssop) in flower. Sten Porse, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source.

Indian and Arabian pills — Indian and Arabian pillsAloe. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Indian electuary, greater and lesser — Indian electuary, greater and lesserTurpeth, Operculina turpethum. Photo Dinesh Valke. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Iva — IvaIva. Ferdinand Bauer, drawing for Flora Graeca. Bodleian Library, MS. Sherard 244.

Jack-o’-lantern — Jack-o’-lanternOmphalotus olearius (jack-o'-lantern). Antonio Abbatiello, photograph. Source.

Jelly ear — Jelly earAuricularia auricula-judae ("Auriculaire Oreille de Judas"). L. Dufour, Atlas des champignons comestibles et vénéneux, Planche 76 (Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden scan). Public domain. Source.

Jet, oil of — Jet, oil ofJet, Holzmaden, Germany. Photo Thmsfrst.

Jewelweed — JewelweedImpatiens biflora (spotted touch-me-not), the figure and description from Britton and Brown, An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (1913), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Juneberry — JuneberryAmelanchier canadensis (shad bush, service berry), drawn by Charles Edward Faxon. Plate CXCIV of Charles Sprague Sargent, The Silva of North America, vol. 4 (1892), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Kermes — KermesThe kermes oak, “arbre de la graine d’escarlatte.” Claude Duret, Histoire admirable des plantes (1605), woodcut.

Koji mould — Koji mouldAspergillus oryzae (koji mould) on steamed rice. Forrest O., photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0. Source.

Labdanum — LabdanumGum cistus. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 4 (1791).

Lapis lazuli, pills of — Lapis lazuli, pills ofLapis lazuli, National Museum of Natural History, Washington. Photo Kplans. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Laurel — LaurelBay laurel. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Lavender — LavenderLavandula angustifolia (lavender). Franz Eugen Koehler, Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887), botanical plate. Source.

Lenitive electuary — Lenitive electuarySenna. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Lesser bean-trefoil — Lesser bean-trefoilStinking bean trefoil. Traité des arbres et arbustes (Paris, 1801 onward), New York Public Library.

Lion’s mane — Lion’s maneHericium erinaceus (lion's mane). Becky, photograph. Source.

Livid pinkgill — Livid pinkgillEntolome livide (Entoloma sinuatum, labeled E. lividum). Paul Dumée, Nouvel atlas de poche des champignons comestibles et vénéneux (1912). CC BY 2.0, Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden. Source.

Lovage — LovageLevisticum officinale (lovage). Franz Eugen Koehler, Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887), botanical plate. Source.

Mallow and marshmallow — Mallow and marshmallowMarshmallow. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Malmsey — MalmseyMalvasia grapes. Photo Scops. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Man on horseback — Man on horsebackTricholoma equestre (man on horseback). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), Plate 72. Source.

Mandrake — MandrakeIllustration of a mandrake plant (the dog-and-root harvesting legend), 15th-century herbal manuscript. Wellcome Collection, CC BY 4.0. Source.

Marjoram and jasmine — Marjoram and jasmineMarjoram. N. Martelli, Hortus Romanus (Rome, 1772 onward), New York Public Library.

Marking-nut electuary — Marking-nut electuaryMarking nut. Carolus Clusius, Exoticorum libri decem (1605), woodcut.

Masterwort and angelica — Masterwort and angelicaAngelica. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Mayapple — MayapplePodophyllum peltatum (may-apple), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 17 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Melon root — Melon rootMelon. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Milkweed — MilkweedAsclepias cornuti (common milkweed), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 134 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 2 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Mint, oil of — Mint, oil ofMint. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Mithridate — MithridateDrug jar for mithridate, Annibale Fontana, Milan, 1580–90.

Morel — MorelMorchella esculenta (morel). Holger Krisp, photograph. Licence: CC BY 3.0. Source.

Mugwort — MugwortMugwort. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Mullein — MulleinVerbascum thapsus (mullein), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 110 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 2 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Musk — MuskMusk. Hortus sanitatis (Mainz: Jacob Meydenbach, 1491), woodcut.

Mustard seed — Mustard seedRape. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Myrrh — MyrrhMyrrh. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Nasturtium, that is, garden cress — Nasturtium, that is, garden cressGarden cress. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden.

Nettle seed — Nettle seedStinging nettle. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Niter, pills of — Niter, pills ofRefining saltpetre. Lazarus Ercker, Beschreibung allerfürnemisten mineralischen Ertzt (1629 ed.), woodcut. Deutsche Fotothek.

Nutmeg and clove — Nutmeg and cloveNutmeg. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Oil of bricks — Oil of bricksAlembic with beak. Hieronymus Brunschwig, Liber de arte distillandi (Strasbourg, 1512), woodcut.

Olive oil and holy water — Olive oil and holy waterOlive. Elizabeth Blackwell, A Curious Herbal (1737–39).

Olive-wood ash lye — Olive-wood ash lyeOlive. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Onycha and stacte — Onycha and stacteOperculum of a sea snail (Euspira catena). Photo B. Schoenmakers. CC BY 3.0.

Opium poppy — Opium poppyPapaver somniferum (opium poppy). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Orache — OracheOrache. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Oregano and squinanth — Oregano and squinanthOregano. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Ox eye — Ox eyeYellow ox-eye. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Oxymel, and oxymel of squill — Oxymel, and oxymel of squillSquill. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, no. 859 (1805).

Oyster mushroom — Oyster mushroomPleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), photograph. Licence: CC BY 3.0. Source.

Palm and olive branches — Palm and olive branchesPalmesel, Steinen, Switzerland, c. 1055. Swiss National Museum. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Palm of Christ — Palm of ChristPalma Christi. Leonhart Fuchs, New Kreüterbuch (Basel, 1543), woodcut.

Panther cap — Panther capAmanita pantherina (panther cap). M. C. Cooke, Illustrations of British Fungi (Hymenomycetes), Plate 6. Source.

Passarino’s white powder — Passarino’s white powderThe alchemist’s laboratory. Heinrich Khunrath, Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae (1595), engraving after Hans Vredeman de Vries.

Pawpaw — PawpawAsimina triloba (pawpaw), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 13 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Pearls, prepared — Pearls, preparedPearl oyster with pearl. E. W. Streeter, Pearls and Pearling Life (1886).

Penicillin mould — Penicillin mouldPenicillium species on Petri dish. Convallaria majalis, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

Pennyroyal — PennyroyalPennyroyal. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Peony — PeonyPeony. A. B. Strong, The American Flora (1855), plate 6.

Plantain — PlantainPlantain. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Poison fire coral — Poison fire coralTrichoderma cornu-damae (poison fire coral). Atsushi Nakajima, photograph. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Source.

Pokeweed — PokeweedPhytolacca decandra (poke). Plate III of Jacob Bigelow, American Medical Botany, vol. 1 (1817), from the Biodiversity Heritage Library's scan. Source.

Polypody of mercurialis, syrup of — Polypody of mercurialis, syrup ofPolypody. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Puffball — PuffballFour puffballs of the genus Lycoperdon: Léon Dufour, Atlas des champignons comestibles et vénéneux (Paris, 1891), plate 74.

Radish — RadishRadish. Amédée Masclef, Atlas des plantes de France (1891).

Raisins — RaisinsGrape vine. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Ramps — RampsAllium tricoccum (wild leek), the figure and description from Britton and Brown, An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions, vol. 1 (1896), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Red roses — Red rosesRed rose. Traité des arbres et arbustes (Paris, 1801 onward), New York Public Library.

Red yeast rice — Red yeast riceMonascus purpureus culture on rice, hongqu (red yeast rice). Uranassbandit, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source.

Reishi — ReishiGanoderma lucidum (reishi). Tatiana, photograph. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Source.

Rhubarb — RhubarbRhubarb. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Rocket — RocketRocket. C. A. M. Lindman, Bilder ur Nordens Flora (1901–05). CC BY-SA 4.0.

Roquefort mould — Roquefort mouldPenicillium roqueforti (Roquefort mould). Charles Thom, Cultural Studies of Species of Penicillium, Fig. 2 (1906). Source.

Rosary — RosaryRosary recovered from the Mary Rose (sank 1545). Photo Tim Sheerman-Chase. CC BY 4.0.

Rose — RoseRose. Jan Kops, Flora Batava (1800 onward).

Rosemary — RosemaryRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). Franz Eugen Koehler, Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887), botanical plate. Source.

Rosemary rice water — Rosemary rice waterRosmarinus officinalis (Gebräuchlicher Rosmarin). Tafel 527 of Otto Wilhelm Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, Bd. 4 (1889), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Round birthwort — Round birthwortRound birthwort. N. Martelli, Hortus Romanus (Rome, 1772 onward), New York Public Library.

Rue — RueRue. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Saffron — SaffronSaffron crocus. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Saffron milk cap — Saffron milk capLactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap). George Chernilevsky, photograph. Source.

Sage — SageSage. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Salt — SaltSalt cellar, Urbino, c. 1570, maiolica. Photo Silar. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Savin — SavinSavin. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Scapular — ScapularScapular of the Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation and Cincture. Photo Jeronimosalle. CC BY 4.0.

Senna — SennaSenna. Leonhart Fuchs, New Kreüterbuch (Basel, 1543), woodcut.

Shiitake — ShiitakeLentinula edodes (shiitake). Batholith, photograph. Source.

The sickener — The sickenerRussula emetica (the sickener). Jerzy Opioła, photograph, Poland. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

Snapdragon — SnapdragonSnapdragon. O. W. Thomé, Flora von Deutschland (1885).

Sorrel, syrup of — Sorrel, syrup ofSorrel. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Southernwood — SouthernwoodSouthernwood. Leonhart Fuchs, New Kreüterbuch (Basel, 1543), woodcut.

Species Pleris Archonticon — Species Pleris ArchonticonAlbarello, Italy, 1520–80. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Spikenard — SpikenardSpikenard. Joachim Camerarius, Kreutterbuch (Frankfurt, 1586), woodcut.

Spirit of wine — Spirit of wineDistillation. Hieronymus Brunschwig, Liber de arte distillandi (Strasbourg, 1512), woodcut. Science History Institute.

Squill — SquillSea squill. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

St. John’s wort — St. John’s wortSt. John’s wort. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Stinkhorn — StinkhornPhallus impudicus (common stinkhorn). Holger Krisp, photograph. Licence: CC BY 3.0. Source.

Storax calamite — Storax calamiteStorax. Traité des arbres et arbustes (Paris, 1801 onward), New York Public Library.

Sulfur — SulfurSulfur, Floristella mine, Enna, Sicily. Photo Didier Descouens. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sumac — SumacRhus glabra (smooth sumach), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 36 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Sweet almond, oil of — Sweet almond, oil ofAlmond. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Sweet flag — Sweet flagSweet flag. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Tansy — TansyTanacetum vulgare (tansy), drawn from nature by Charles F. Millspaugh. Plate 86 of Millspaugh, American Medicinal Plants, vol. 1 (1887), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Teonanácatl — TeonanácatlPsilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl). Alan Rockefeller, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source.

Theriac — TheriacDrug jar for theriac, Italy, 18th century. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Thyme — ThymeThymus vulgaris (thyme). Franz Eugen Koehler, Koehler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887), botanical plate. Source.

Tinder fungus — Tinder fungusBoletus fomentarius (now Fomes fomentarius). James Sowerby, Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms (1797), Plate 133. Public domain. Source.

Troche of agaric — Troche of agaricAgaric on the larch. P. A. Mattioli, Commentarii (1560), woodcut.

Truffle — TruffleThe white truffle (1) and the black truffle (2), each with its spores: a botanical plate.

Turkey tail — Turkey tailTrametes versicolor (turkey tail). Joi, photograph. Licence: CC BY 3.0. Source.

Turpentine — TurpentineTerebinth. Line engraving. Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0.

Valerian — ValerianValeriana officinalis (valerian). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Verbena — VerbenaVervain. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Vine ash — Vine ashVine. O. W. Thomé, Flora von Deutschland (1885).

Violet, lettuce, sow-thistle — Violet, lettuce, sow-thistleSweet violet. Jacob Sturm, in J. G. Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796 onward).

Walnut, middle bark of — Walnut, middle bark ofWalnut. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Water germander — Water germanderWater germander. D. N. F. Dietrich, Flora medica (1831).

Wax — WaxThe wax chandler. Christoph Weigel, Ständebuch (1698), engraving. Deutsche Fotothek.

White hellebore — White helleboreWhite hellebore. O. W. Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).

Wild bergamot — Wild bergamotMonarda fistulosa (wild bergamot), the figure and description from Britton and Brown, An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions, 2nd ed., vol. 3 (1913), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Wild carrot, seed of — Wild carrot, seed ofWild carrot. O. W. Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).

Wild ginger — Wild gingerAsarum canadense (wild ginger). Plate XV of Jacob Bigelow, American Medical Botany, vol. 1 (1817), from the Internet Archive's scan. Source.

Wild rue — Wild rueSyrian rue. Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants (1918), plate 182.

Winter-grain mould — Winter-grain mouldFusarium verticillioides (winter-grain mould, representative Fusarium), spores and conidiophores under the microscope. Source.

Witches’ butter — Witches’ butterTremella mesenterica ("Trémelle mésentérique"). L. Dufour, Atlas des champignons comestibles et vénéneux, Planche 76 (Biodiversity Heritage Library / New York Botanical Garden scan). Public domain. Source.

Wormwood, oil of — Wormwood, oil ofWormwood. F. E. Köhler, Köhler’s Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98).

Yarrow — YarrowAchillea millefolium (yarrow). F. E. Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen (1887–98). Source.

Yellow stainer — Yellow stainerAgaricus xanthodermus (yellow stainer). Jose Angel Urquia Goitia, photograph. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. Source.

Plates are reproduced from printed herbals, botanical atlases, and museum collections, each with its credit. Club members can print any Materia Medica plate as a card from its entry.